Display of the ancestral genetic markers or pedigree of an individual genetic marker on the phylogenetic tree of human beings.
| Tree Level | DNA Marker / Branch Name | Alternative Names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HomoErectus | hg38:21292569-T-G | Human and Denisovan diverge from ancestral allele T found in chimpanzees at this position. hg38 Ref is G. DNA lineage HomoErectus is estimated to have originated in about the year 1.9 million bce. |
| 2 | Heidelbergensis | A8835 | Presumed Y Ancestor of Humans and Neanderthals. ISOGG calls this haplogroup A000-T. DNA lineage Heidelbergensis is estimated to have originated in about the year 652,000 bce. |
| 3 | YAdam | hg38:2844421-A-G | Ancestral allele in chimpanzee is A implying this is probably a human-defining SNP for homo sapiens. hg38 Ref is G. Believed coincident with PR2921. ISOGG calls this haplogroup A00-T. DNA lineage YAdam is estimated to have originated in about the year 302,000 bce. |
| 4 | L1085 | A0-T hg38:2922685-T-C | Defining mutation for near-root haplogroup A0-T (aka A0'1'2'3'4). That is to say father of ALL modern Y-DNA lineages except A00. hg38 Ref does not match ancestral allele value. DNA lineage L1085 is estimated to have originated in about the year 232,000 bce. |
| 5 | P305 | hg38:2842113-A-G A1 rs72625368 | Defining mutation for haplogroup A1 root on ISOGG tree. Believed coincident with V168 on FTDNA tree. hg38 Ref does not match ancestral allele value. DNA lineage P305 is estimated to have originated in about the year 149,000 bce. |
| 6 | P108 | A1b rs761539052 | Defining mutation for ancient haplogroup branch A1b at ISOGG. hg38 Ref does not match ancestral allele value. Also enumerated as hg38:13314368-C-T. DNA lineage P108 is estimated to have originated in about the year 133,000 bce. |
| 7 | L413 | PF1409 V31 BT rs192939307 | Defining mutation for haplogroup branch BT at ISOGG. hg38 Ref does not match ancestral allele value. DNA lineage L413 is estimated to have originated in about the year 129,000 bce. |
| 8 | M168 | PF1416 CT-M168 CT rs2032595 | Defining mutation for haplogroup branch CT. hg38 Ref does not match ancestral allele value. DNA lineage M168 is estimated to have originated in about the year 87,500 bce. |
| 9 | M145 | P205 PF1444 DE-M145 rs3848982 | Defining mutation for backbone haplogroup branch DE. DNA lineage M145 is estimated to have originated in about the year 63,800 bce. |
| 10 | M96 | PF1823 rs9306841 | Defining mutation for major haplogroup E root on ISOGG and FTDNA trees. DNA lineage M96 is estimated to have originated in about the year 63,400 bce. |
| 11 | M75 | rs2032639 | Recognized as defining haplogroup E2 branch by FTDNA, ISOGG, and YFull. DNA lineage M75 is estimated to have originated in about the year 48,900 bce. |
| 12 | Z1002 | V2312 rs565948449 | DNA lineage Z1002 is estimated to have originated in about the year 48,600 bce. |
| 13 | M98 | rs386419978 | Defining mutation for haplogroup E2b on ISOGG, YFull, and FTDNA trees. DNA lineage M98 is estimated to have originated in about the year 48,500 bce. |
| 14 | M85 | rs2032616 | On ISOGG, YFull and FTDNA trees. FTDNA shows as a descendant of M54. Example is sample HG02771 from Gambia. DNA lineage M85 is estimated to have originated in about the year 47,800 bce. |
| 15 | M54.1 | M54 rs2032620 | Defining mutation for haplogroup E2b1 on ISOGG and FTDNA trees. Believed coincident with M90. DNA lineage M54.1 is estimated to have originated in about the year 46,000 bce. |
| 16 | CTS694 | rs765474557 | On FTDNA tree. DNA lineage CTS694 is estimated to have originated in about the year 45,800 bce. |
| 17 | CTS4257 | V3013 rs563450316 | On FTDNA tree. DNA lineage CTS4257 is estimated to have originated in about the year 45,500 bce. |
| 18 | CTS11093.1 | CTS11093 Z992 rs768164542 | On FTDNA tree. Believed coincident with Y25287. DNA lineage CTS11093.1 is estimated to have originated in about the year 45,400 bce. |
| 19 | CTS3583 | rs901867809 | On FTDNA tree. DNA lineage CTS3583 is estimated to have originated in about the year 44,600 bce. |
| 20 | BY36751 | rs958339671 | Under CTS3583 on YFull and FTDNA trees. Example is YF077817 from Saudi Arabia. DNA lineage BY36751 is estimated to have originated in about the year 42,800 bce. |
| 21 | FT21635 | Under BY36751 on YFull and FTDNA trees. Example is HGDP01031 from Zaire. DNA lineage FT21635 is estimated to have originated in about the year 33,800 bce. | |
| 22 | FT18358 | As an intermediate branch under FT21635 on FTDNA tree. DNA lineage FT18358 is estimated to have originated in about the year 33,700 bce. | |
| 23 | FT17448 | DNA lineage FT17448 is estimated to have originated in about the year 32,800 bce. | |
| 24 | BY70915 | Under FT21635 and FT18358 on YFull and FTDNA tree. YFull tree has better breadth of samples. DNA lineage BY70915 is estimated to have originated in about the year 25,200 bce. | |
| 25 | Y86760 | Under BY70915 on YFull and FTDNA trees. Example is YF071477 from Yemen. DNA lineage Y86760 is estimated to have originated in about the year 25,100 bce. | |
| 26 | FT18756 | Under Y86760 on YFull and FTDNA tree. Example is YF079779 from Saudi Arabia. DNA lineage FT18756 is estimated to have originated in about the year 19,600 bce. | |
| 27 | FT19996 | Under FT18756 on YFull and FTDNA tree. Example is YF075906 from Saudi Arabia. DNA lineage FT19996 is estimated to have originated in about the year 15,500 bce. | |
| 28 | FT346585 | E-FT346585 | DNA lineage FT346585 is estimated to have originated in about the year 13,900 bce. |