Display of the ancestral genetic markers or pedigree of an individual genetic marker on the phylogenetic tree of human beings.
| Tree Level | DNA Marker / Branch Name | Alternative Names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HomoErectus | Represents the last common maternal ancestor of Humans, Neanderthal, Heidelbergensis, and Denisovans. Expressed as an insertion at RSRS position 247 relative reference sequence. DNA lineage HomoErectus is estimated to have originated in about the year 1.9 million bce. | |
| 2 | Heidelbergensis | MN | Phylogenetic branch for MtDNA ancestor Neanderthals and Humans. Labeled MN on YFull tree with SNPs: !A750G, !G769A, !T1009C, et al. DNA lineage Heidelbergensis is estimated to have originated in about the year 652,000 bce. |
| 3 | L | MtDNAEve | Phylogenetic root for mitochondrial DNA of homo sapiens with C allele at hg19:15443. Neanderthal and Denisovan samples have T allele at this position. Includes differences from hg38 reference sequence which could be expressed as: A73G, T152C, T195C, A750G, A8860G, A10398G, T10873C, C12705T, A13105G, G16129A, T16189C, C16223T, C16278T. DNA lineage L is estimated to have originated in about the year 302,000 bce. |
| 4 | L1'2'3'4'5'6'7 | L1'2'3'4'5'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A11914G, C10915T, C146T, C182T, G13276A, G16230A, T10664C, T4312C. Formerly labeled L1'2'3'4'5'6 prior to discovery of L7 in 2022. DNA lineage L1'2'3'4'5'6'7 is estimated to have originated in about the year 275,000 bce. |
| 5 | L2'3'4'5'6'7 | L2'3'4'5'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C2885T, G13105A, T8468C, C2885T, A2758G, G7146A, C152T. Formerly labeled L2'3'4'5'6 prior to discovery of L7 in 2022. DNA lineage L2'3'4'5'6'7 is estimated to have originated in about the year 255,000 bce. |
| 6 | L5'7 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T3423C, C12432T, A16166G, T152C!. Ancestor to haplogroups L5 and L7. DNA lineage L5'7 is estimated to have originated in about the year 235,000 bce. | |
| 7 | L5 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A7972G, 459.1C, A12950G, C16148T. DNA lineage L5 is estimated to have originated in about the year 215,000 bce. | |
| 8 | L5a | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A851G, C8582T, 455.1T, A13722G, A5656G, A7424G, A8188G, C11881T, C14239T, C5111T, G12236A, G14905A, G15217A, G15884A, G5147A, G6182A, G709A, G8155A, G9305A, G9329A, T11025C, T14212C, T14581C, T14971C, T16362C, T1822C, T6297C, A13105G!, C16355T, A16183c, T152C!. Maier et al added A16183c and removed T152C! in 2022. DNA lineage L5a is estimated to have originated in about the year 195,000 bce. | |
| 9 | L5a1 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: 455.2T, C4496T, C8754T, G930A. DNA lineage L5a1 is estimated to have originated in about the year 175,000 bce. | |
| 10 | L5a1c | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C4137T, G513A. DNA lineage L5a1c is estimated to have originated in about the year 155,000 bce. | |
| 11 | L5a1c2 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T13752a, C12303T. Labeled as haplogroup L5a1c1 on YFull tree. DNA lineage L5a1c2 is estimated to have originated in about the year 135,000 bce. | |
| 12 | L5a1c2a | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: c16183A!, T16187C. DNA lineage L5a1c2a is estimated to have originated in about the year 115,000 bce. | |
| 13 | L5a1c2a1' | L5a1c1a | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A12780G. Formerly labeled L5a1c1 and L5a1c1a on GeneticHomeland and YFull trees. DNA lineage L5a1c2a1' is estimated to have originated in about the year 95,200 bce. |
| 14 | L5a1c2a1 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A5978G. Note that Maier combines this branch and parent mutation A12780G. Example is HM771198 from Congo. DNA lineage L5a1c2a1 is estimated to have originated in about the year 75,200 bce. | |
| 15 | L5a1c2a1u | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A16182c, A16183c!!. Example is KF451026 from Congo. DNA lineage L5a1c2a1u is estimated to have originated in about the year 55,200 bce. |