Display of the ancestral genetic markers or pedigree of an individual genetic marker on the phylogenetic tree of human beings.
| Tree Level | DNA Marker / Branch Name | Alternative Names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HomoErectus | Represents the last common maternal ancestor of Humans, Neanderthal, Heidelbergensis, and Denisovans. Expressed as an insertion at RSRS position 247 relative reference sequence. DNA lineage HomoErectus is estimated to have originated in about the year 1.9 million bce. | |
| 2 | Heidelbergensis | MN | Phylogenetic branch for MtDNA ancestor Neanderthals and Humans. Labeled MN on YFull tree with SNPs: !A750G, !G769A, !T1009C, et al. DNA lineage Heidelbergensis is estimated to have originated in about the year 652,000 bce. |
| 3 | L | MtDNAEve | Phylogenetic root for mitochondrial DNA of homo sapiens with C allele at hg19:15443. Neanderthal and Denisovan samples have T allele at this position. Includes differences from hg38 reference sequence which could be expressed as: A73G, T152C, T195C, A750G, A8860G, A10398G, T10873C, C12705T, A13105G, G16129A, T16189C, C16223T, C16278T. DNA lineage L is estimated to have originated in about the year 302,000 bce. |
| 4 | L1'2'3'4'5'6'7 | L1'2'3'4'5'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A11914G, C10915T, C146T, C182T, G13276A, G16230A, T10664C, T4312C. Formerly labeled L1'2'3'4'5'6 prior to discovery of L7 in 2022. DNA lineage L1'2'3'4'5'6'7 is estimated to have originated in about the year 275,000 bce. |
| 5 | L2'3'4'5'6'7 | L2'3'4'5'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C2885T, G13105A, T8468C, C2885T, A2758G, G7146A, C152T. Formerly labeled L2'3'4'5'6 prior to discovery of L7 in 2022. DNA lineage L2'3'4'5'6'7 is estimated to have originated in about the year 255,000 bce. |
| 6 | L2'3'4'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A10688G, A16129G, A247G, A825t, C10810T, C16189T, C195T, G13105A, G15301A, T13506C, T16187C, T8655C. DNA lineage L2'3'4'6 is estimated to have originated in about the year 235,000 bce. | |
| 7 | L3'4'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A7521G, G4104A. DNA lineage L3'4'6 is estimated to have originated in about the year 215,000 bce. | |
| 8 | L3'4 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T13650C, T16278C, T182C!, T3594C, T7256C. DNA lineage L3'4 is estimated to have originated in about the year 195,000 bce. | |
| 9 | L3 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A1018G, A769G, C16311T. DNA lineage L3 is estimated to have originated in about the year 175,000 bce. | |
| 10 | N | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A15301G!, C10873T, C9540T, G10398A, G8701A. DNA lineage N is estimated to have originated in about the year 155,000 bce. | |
| 11 | R | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T12705C, T16223C. DNA lineage R is estimated to have originated in about the year 135,000 bce. | |
| 12 | R0 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A11719G, G73A. DNA lineage R0 is estimated to have originated in about the year 115,000 bce. | |
| 13 | HV | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T14766C. Britain's DNA labeled this branch: Sheban. DNA lineage HV is estimated to have originated in about the year 95,200 bce. | |
| 14 | HV0 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T16298C, T72C. Britain's DNA labeled this branch: Cave Painters. DNA lineage HV0 is estimated to have originated in about the year 75,200 bce. | |
| 15 | HV0a | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C15904T. Example is GenBank accession AY738945.1 from Italy. DNA lineage HV0a is estimated to have originated in about the year 55,200 bce. | |
| 16 | V | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: G4580A. DNA lineage V is estimated to have originated in about the year 35,200 bce. | |
| 17 | V-c | V-C72T! | Provisional Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C72T!. Formerly labeled V45, V21', V945. Example is GenBank accession JQ705610.1. DNA lineage V-c is estimated to have originated in about the year 15,200 bce. |
| 18 | V945 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: G7852A, T15905C. Formerly labeled V-c1a. Example is GenBank accession KY410089.1 from Italy. DNA lineage V945 is estimated to have originated in about the year 13,400 bce. | |
| 19 | V945b | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C16188T. Formerly labeled V-c1a1b. Example is GenBank accession KY409609.1 from Italy. DNA lineage V945b is estimated to have originated in about the year 11,600 bce. | |
| 20 | V945b1 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C16294T. Formerly labeled V-c1a1b1. Example is GenBank accession KY408378.1 from Italy. DNA lineage V945b1 is estimated to have originated in about the year 9,800 bce. | |
| 21 | V945b1a | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T4314C. Formerly labeled V29, V-c1a1b1a. Example is GenBank accession KY408701.1 from Italy. DNA lineage V945b1a is estimated to have originated in about the year 8,000 bce. |