Display of the ancestral genetic markers or pedigree of an individual genetic marker on the phylogenetic tree of human beings.
| Tree Level | DNA Marker / Branch Name | Alternative Names | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HomoErectus | Represents the last common maternal ancestor of Humans, Neanderthal, Heidelbergensis, and Denisovans. Expressed as an insertion at RSRS position 247 relative reference sequence. DNA lineage HomoErectus is estimated to have originated in about the year 1.9 million bce. | |
| 2 | Heidelbergensis | MN | Phylogenetic branch for MtDNA ancestor Neanderthals and Humans. Labeled MN on YFull tree with SNPs: !A750G, !G769A, !T1009C, et al. DNA lineage Heidelbergensis is estimated to have originated in about the year 652,000 bce. |
| 3 | L | MtDNAEve | Phylogenetic root for mitochondrial DNA of homo sapiens with C allele at hg19:15443. Neanderthal and Denisovan samples have T allele at this position. Includes differences from hg38 reference sequence which could be expressed as: A73G, T152C, T195C, A750G, A8860G, A10398G, T10873C, C12705T, A13105G, G16129A, T16189C, C16223T, C16278T. DNA lineage L is estimated to have originated in about the year 302,000 bce. |
| 4 | L1'2'3'4'5'6'7 | L1'2'3'4'5'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A11914G, C10915T, C146T, C182T, G13276A, G16230A, T10664C, T4312C. Formerly labeled L1'2'3'4'5'6 prior to discovery of L7 in 2022. DNA lineage L1'2'3'4'5'6'7 is estimated to have originated in about the year 275,000 bce. |
| 5 | L2'3'4'5'6'7 | L2'3'4'5'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C2885T, G13105A, T8468C, C2885T, A2758G, G7146A, C152T. Formerly labeled L2'3'4'5'6 prior to discovery of L7 in 2022. DNA lineage L2'3'4'5'6'7 is estimated to have originated in about the year 255,000 bce. |
| 6 | L2'3'4'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A10688G, A16129G, A247G, A825t, C10810T, C16189T, C195T, G13105A, G15301A, T13506C, T16187C, T8655C. DNA lineage L2'3'4'6 is estimated to have originated in about the year 235,000 bce. | |
| 7 | L3'4'6 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A7521G, G4104A. DNA lineage L3'4'6 is estimated to have originated in about the year 215,000 bce. | |
| 8 | L3'4 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T13650C, T16278C, T182C!, T3594C, T7256C. DNA lineage L3'4 is estimated to have originated in about the year 195,000 bce. | |
| 9 | L3 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A1018G, A769G, C16311T. DNA lineage L3 is estimated to have originated in about the year 175,000 bce. | |
| 10 | M | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C10400T, G15043A, T14783C, T489C. Britain's DNA labeled many subbranches as "Ganges". DNA lineage M is estimated to have originated in about the year 155,000 bce. | |
| 11 | M80'D | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: G709A, C4883T. DNA lineage M80'D is estimated to have originated in about the year 135,000 bce. | |
| 12 | D | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C5178a, T16362C. Britain's DNA labeled this branch: Ancient East Siberian. DNA lineage D is estimated to have originated in about the year 115,000 bce. | |
| 13 | D4 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C14668T, C8414T, G3010A. DNA lineage D4 is estimated to have originated in about the year 95,200 bce. | |
| 14 | D4a | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T152C!!!, C3206T, G16129A!, T14979C, T152C!, T8473C. DNA lineage D4a is estimated to have originated in about the year 75,200 bce. | |
| 15 | D4a3 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A5466G, T16249C. DNA lineage D4a3 is estimated to have originated in about the year 55,200 bce. | |
| 16 | D4a3a | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T15412C. DNA lineage D4a3a is estimated to have originated in about the year 35,200 bce. | |
| 17 | D4a3a1 | Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: G228t, T3866C. DNA lineage D4a3a1 is estimated to have originated in about the year 15,200 bce. |