Display of the ancestral genetic markers or pedigree of an individual genetic marker on the phylogenetic tree of human beings.

DNA Ancestry Lineage for marker [U2e3a] on Chromosome M
Tree Level DNA Marker / Branch NameAlternative NamesNotes
1 HomoErectus Represents the last common maternal ancestor of Humans, Neanderthal, Heidelbergensis, and Denisovans. Expressed as an insertion at RSRS position 247 relative reference sequence.  DNA lineage HomoErectus is estimated to have originated in about the year 1.9 million bce.
2 Heidelbergensis MN Phylogenetic branch for MtDNA ancestor Neanderthals and Humans. Labeled MN on YFull tree with SNPs: !A750G, !G769A, !T1009C, et al.  DNA lineage Heidelbergensis is estimated to have originated in about the year 652,000 bce.
3 L MtDNAEve Phylogenetic root for mitochondrial DNA of homo sapiens with C allele at hg19:15443. Neanderthal and Denisovan samples have T allele at this position. Includes differences from hg38 reference sequence which could be expressed as: A73G, T152C, T195C, A750G, A8860G, A10398G, T10873C, C12705T, A13105G, G16129A, T16189C, C16223T, C16278T.  DNA lineage L is estimated to have originated in about the year 302,000 bce.
4 L1'2'3'4'5'6'7 L1'2'3'4'5'6 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A11914G, C10915T, C146T, C182T, G13276A, G16230A, T10664C, T4312C. Formerly labeled L1'2'3'4'5'6 prior to discovery of L7 in 2022.  DNA lineage L1'2'3'4'5'6'7 is estimated to have originated in about the year 275,000 bce.
5 L2'3'4'5'6'7 L2'3'4'5'6 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C2885T, G13105A, T8468C, C2885T, A2758G, G7146A, C152T. Formerly labeled L2'3'4'5'6 prior to discovery of L7 in 2022.  DNA lineage L2'3'4'5'6'7 is estimated to have originated in about the year 255,000 bce.
6 L2'3'4'6 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A10688G, A16129G, A247G, A825t, C10810T, C16189T, C195T, G13105A, G15301A, T13506C, T16187C, T8655C.  DNA lineage L2'3'4'6 is estimated to have originated in about the year 235,000 bce.
7 L3'4'6 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A7521G, G4104A.  DNA lineage L3'4'6 is estimated to have originated in about the year 215,000 bce.
8 L3'4 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T13650C, T16278C, T182C!, T3594C, T7256C.  DNA lineage L3'4 is estimated to have originated in about the year 195,000 bce.
9 L3 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A1018G, A769G, C16311T.  DNA lineage L3 is estimated to have originated in about the year 175,000 bce.
10 N Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A15301G!, C10873T, C9540T, G10398A, G8701A.  DNA lineage N is estimated to have originated in about the year 155,000 bce.
11 R Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T12705C, T16223C.  DNA lineage R is estimated to have originated in about the year 135,000 bce.
12 U Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A11467G, A12308G, G12372A.  DNA lineage U is estimated to have originated in about the year 115,000 bce.
13 U2'3'4'7'8'9 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A1811G.  DNA lineage U2'3'4'7'8'9 is estimated to have originated in about the year 95,200 bce.
14 U2 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A16051G. Britain's DNA labeled this branch: Deccan.  DNA lineage U2 is estimated to have originated in about the year 75,200 bce.
15 U2c'd'e U2-T152C! U2-a Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T152C!.  DNA lineage U2c'd'e is estimated to have originated in about the year 55,200 bce.
16 U2e Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: A10876G, A15907G, A3720G, A508G, A5390G, C6045T, G16129c, T13020C, T13734C, T16189C!, T16362C, T5426C, T6152C. Britain's DNA labeled this branch: Indus Valley. Example is EF660989.1 from Italy.  DNA lineage U2e is estimated to have originated in about the year 35,200 bce.
17 U2e1'2'3 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: T217C.  DNA lineage U2e1'2'3 is estimated to have originated in about the year 15,200 bce.
18 U2e3 Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C16260T, C394T, T16356C.  DNA lineage U2e3 is estimated to have originated in about the year 13,400 bce.
19 U2e3a Phylogenetic branch with SNPs: C3170a, A16181G, C309d, C575T, T15721C. Note that YFull's use of T310C at this node is suspect. Example is MF523120.1.  DNA lineage U2e3a is estimated to have originated in about the year 11,600 bce.